Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Netflix - Do We Still Need Cinemas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Netflix - Do We Still Need Cinemas - Essay Example In the conventional film distribution setting, cinemas or movie theaters have often been the first point of sale for movies. After cinematic or theatrical distribution, the second traditional channel comprised of the broadcast via television, followed by DVDs. Majority of film producers opted for these three modes of distribution, in an attempt to ensure optimal viewership and reap maximum profits. Recently, however, the pervasive nature of the internet has influenced film distribution, paving way for digital online platforms. The latter include video on demand (VOD), mobile applications, and live streaming. This paper seeks to provide insight into the evolution of film distribution within the context of traditional cinema versus popular digital platform, Netflix. Even though Netflix is a key player in film distribution, cinemas are still a vital part of the entertainment industry and should not be entirely written off. Pioneers of movie distribution since the advent of the film industry were traditional theaters and cinemas. Cinemas were rather popular, as people increasingly embraced moviegoing as a weekend form of relaxation with family members and friends. The earliest theaters did not project movies on a screen. Rather, the films were showcased using peep-show machines referred to as kinetoscopes. The latter was developed by Thomas Edison and W. Dickson, and they remained popular till the end of the 19th century. As the world ushered in the 20th century, similar peep-show gadgets referred to as Mutoscopes were introduced in the continued popularisation of a theatrical portrayal of film.
Monday, October 28, 2019
Philosophies & Democracy Essay Example for Free
Philosophies Democracy Essay Democracy and capitalism gave way to concentration of wealth amongst a small group of people. Private entrepreneurship got a boost due to capitalism. Given this scenario, many private entrepreneurs rose to build their industrial empires. There are many examples, where, the starting point of a given business was zero, and it rose to become a leading international business house. Increase in business, resulted in exaggerated accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few, and that was the time, when these new class of rich entrepreneurs, gave a thought to the society, in which they have been operating, and which has supported their enterprise in its rise. Carnegie Melon, at the beginning of industrial revolution, and Bill Gates, at the end of the twentieth century, are two solid examples of business rise from zero to international giants. Both of them, spent their full life, in amassing wealth, and as they grew, they started framing corporate philosophies, which put society at the focus of their activities. While they applied the rule of ‘everything is fair in business’, they turned towards society at the fag end of their lives. Corporate philosophies, by and large have nothing new to say, except that they work for the society, and they care for their customers. All corporate philosophies are concentrated around these central themes, in different words and sentences. Often, it is proved that corporate philosophies are not as sweet as they sound. When it comes to business, these philosophies are sacrificed, partially or fully. Was only genuine software skill responsible for the stupendous rise of Bill Gates and Microsoft? Of course no. There is in fact, considerable shrewdness going into the rise of Microsoft. In fact, corporate houses, as they grow, turn their attention towards betterment of society, in one or the other way. There are numerous examples to prove this, in the time gap between Carnegie Melon and Bill Gates. However, they are targeted at multiplication of business. An average American fully understands the implications of these corporate philosophies, and their implied meanings. For example, when cyber attacks started assuming alarming proportions, Bill Gates ordered a change in their corporate philosophy. It implied change in the approach of all software development. Now, instead of adding new features to the software, the focus was to be laid on protection of the software, because, Bill Gates argued, â€Å"In the past, weve made our software and services more compelling for users by adding new features and functionality, and by making our platform richly extensible . . . but all those great features wont matter unless customers trust our software, wrote Gates. So now, when we face a choice between adding features and resolving security issues, we need to choose security. ( Trustworthy computing, para 2) â€Å"Some of Microsoft’s perennial critics claim the initiative is long overdue, and question whether or not Microsoft will follow through on its promises, as the company could be forced to bear a reduction in the number of new features in its programs and significant new product delays. Some go further in arguing that such a massive security initiative cannot be undertaken without subjecting the Windows operating system source code to public domain  something the company has fought hard to avoid†. Writes an observer, in his opinion. ( Trustworthy computing, Para 4) What is true of Microsoft , is perhaps true of other companies also. An average American is well aware of the status of the company, and its capacity to deliver the promised goods, and is also right in judging the ethical behavior of a company. Conclusively it can be said that despite the tall claims made by the corporate philosophies, the average American of the ins and outs of that firm. References: 1) Trustworthy computing, Security and privacy deemed Microsoft’s top priorities, retrieved on 5 May 2009 from : http://www. cfif. org/htdocs/freedomline/current/in_our_opinion/fl_trustworthy_computing. htm
Saturday, October 26, 2019
The Linwood Method and the Bio-Medical Approach: Two of the Competing T
                                                  RUNNING HEAD: Competing Theories for Treatments of Autism The Linwood Method and the Bio-Medical Approach: Two of the Competing Theories For the Treatment of Patients with Autism                                                   Abstract The author of this paper gives and explanation of what autism is. He also tells you a b it about Jeanne Simons and why she created the Linwood Method and what it is. Then, in addition, you are given a description of who Dr. Jacquelyn McCandless is and her reasons for creating the Bio-Medical Method. She also gives the main idea behind the Bio-Medical Method.                                                   Introduction      I have chosen the topic of autism because I have a family member that, at the age of two, was diagnosed as being autistic. I wanted to understand why he acts the way that he does. I also wanted to know what kids of treatments are out there; maybe it could be some use to his family. I found two theories of treatment that were very different from each other. My goal is to describe what autism is and then compare then Linwood Method and the Bio-Medical Approach. What is Autism?      Autism was not classified as a separate syndrome until 1943 by Doctor Leo Kanner, a child psychologist at John Hopkins Medical School. HE described it as: †¢Ã‚     Early onset- possibly from birth, but certainly before age two and a half †¢Ã‚     Social and emotional impairment- often shows up at birth †¢Ã‚ &nb... ...around them. I have seen with my own eyes how much patience it takes to be the family of a child with autism. It takes a very special person or group of people to handle it as well as I have seen. References Celiac Disease. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 30 April 2003      http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/digest/pubs/celiac/#1 Genes and Disease. The National Center for Biotechnology Information. 30 April 2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=gnd .section.234 German Measles or Rubella. Medinfo. 30 April 2003      http://www.medinfo.co.uk/conditions/rubella.htm McCandless, Jacquelyn. Children With Starving Brains: A Medical Treatment Guide For      Autism Spectrum Disorder. Canada: Bramble Books, 2002 Park, Clara Claiborne. Exiting Nirvana: A Daughter’s Life with Autism. 1st Edition. New      York: Little, Brown and Company, 2001 Simons, Jeanne and Sabine Oishi. The Hidden Child: The Linwood Method for Reaching      The Autistic Child. Maryland: Woodbine House, 1985
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Amyotrophic Later Sclerosis Essay examples -- Health, Diseases
There are many known diseases in the world that we live in today affecting a wide range of individuals of different ages, ethnicities, and genders. With each type of disease comes a diagnosis, prognosis, and potential for a cure from one of life’s many ailments. Over the course of time, technology has began to lead the way in discovering as well as treating many disease in which doctors previously knew little about. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease, was first described in 1869 by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. In 1939 ALS brought international attention when Lou Gehrig abruptly retired from baseball after being diagnosed with the disease(6). Today there are as many as 20,000 to 30,000 people in the United States that have ALS with an estimated 5,000 people being diagnosed with the disease each year. While the disease can affect all races and ethnic backgrounds, it is more common among men than in women. The typical onset of ALS is generally between the ages of forty and sixty, however, individuals that are younger and older can also develop the disease as well. There are no clear risk factors associated in 90 to 95 percent of all sporadic or noninherited forms ALS. Only five to ten percent of all diagnosis’s are inherited from one parent who carries the gene responsible for the disease(2). It is clear that there are many statistics surrounding ALS with such a wide range of unknown potential causes, but what do medical professional know about it thus far? ALS is a rapidly progressive motor neuron disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Upper motor neurons within the brain are responsible for transmitting vital communication links betw... ...BIPAP(bi-level positive airway pressure)to allow for proper breathing while asleep. Inevitably, patients may even consider the use of other forms of mechanical ventilation for survival. Although ventilation support can help ease problems with breathing as well as prolong survival, it does affect the patient’s quality of life and cost. Over the course of time, advancements in technology have helped to find many potential causes for ALS, however, it is yet to be completely understood. Perhaps on day there will be efficient test(s) to effectively determine a cause of ALS. Once a determination is made on the exact cause of the disease, medical professionals can then began discovering new means of treatment, thus potentially leading to a cure some day. Until then, ALS will remain difficult to diagnose with limited treatment options and an inevitable outcome.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Civil rights in philosophy
Civil rights in philosophy essay 10 BY BillBBowers Fighting For Rights and Justice: Civil Disobedience Summary With Mill's argument for a limited or possibility for no government and then Hobbe's view that society and men where selfish and needed a sovereign offer to get along, brings us to the work of Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau is famous for his isolation of society and his work Walden, he seen this approach of no government and see's selfish man kind to, so his is an mixed theory.Thoreau knew that living in ociety was important, but didn't think that the government should have such a say into ones personal life. Thoreau writes, â€Å"Must the citizen ever for a moment, or in the last degree, resign his conscience to the legislator? Why has every man a conscience, then? †He thought that the Just laws and government should be more important, similar to the same concepts ofa later famous philosopher, Martin Luther King. King took this same thought process when he protested a nd fought for rights and Justice in a civil disobedience way ObjectionsMill's argument for a limited government does't seem that intelligible or reliable to me; I personally don't think that would work at all. I would agree more with Hobbes's view that men are selfish and need some kind of sovereignty for an overall peaceful environment. However, a someone mix between the two like Thoreau tried to do would be beneficial, but I don't see mankind willing to change and accepts new ways of government, especially not one so extreme. It's a good concept, but like most say, â€Å"you can't teach a old dog new tricks!Definition Philosophy is a such a broad and complex field that its offended hard to give a basic, simple definition. In a quick course, we've learned that Philosophy deals with subjects like religion, knowledge, reality, self, mind, body, freedom, ethics, and Justice. Each subject builds on top of the other, from religion we get our beliefs about how we got here and why. Which moves to our knowledge of why we learn, our brains and the way we learn over processes. Then we go into our reality in which we touch ack on knowledge and religion of what we really know and can prove, and why we are here.This moves back into a broad subject of the self, like who we really are why we think and learn different and our mind-body controversies. Fromm there we learn that our freedom is important and move into modern philosophy problems like ethics and, recently read, Justice. These are modern problems of how we rule, whats affective, whats not, how people want to be treated and ruled. These are important to philosophy as a while because we cant really say what the right answer is.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Free Essays on Dramatic Irony
and actions of the characters of a work of literature have a different meaning for the reader than they do for the characters. This is the result of the reader’s having a greater knowledge than the characters themselves. Flannery O’Connor presents the characters in her story by allowing the reader to know more about the characters than they do about each other in order to have a deeper understanding of what her short story is really about. In O’Connor’s â€Å"Good Country People,†the reader is aware of the dramatic irony occurring throughout the short story. Mrs. Hopewell, one of the four main characters in â€Å"Good Country People,†believes herself to be superior to everyone around her; In reality she is the same as everyone else around her. â€Å"Her silver gleamed on the two sideboards; she decided he had never been in a room as elegant as this†(421). When Manly Pointer is invited into the living room to try to sell Bibles to Mrs. Hopewell she automatically assumes that her living room is the nicest one he has ever set foot in. Mrs. Hopewell’s haughty outlook towards Manly Pointer allows the reader to acknowledge her thinking of superiority towards others. After reading only the first few paragraphs, the reader already realizes how naà ¯ve Mrs. Hopewell comes across, and they are able to look past future judgments she bestows upon herself. Along with Mrs. Hopewell’s superiority, she also believes that she is in charge of everything. When Mrs. Hopewell hires the Freemans to help her with her home and farm she finds out Mrs. Freeman is the nosiest woman after she consults a reference the Freeman’s provided. â€Å"Since she was the type who had to be into everything, then, Mrs. Hopewell had decided, she would not only let her be into everything, she would see to it that she was into everything – she would give her the responsibility of... Free Essays on Dramatic Irony Free Essays on Dramatic Irony Dramatic Irony At Its Best By definition, dramatic irony is when the words and actions of the characters of a work of literature have a different meaning for the reader than they do for the characters. This is the result of the reader’s having a greater knowledge than the characters themselves. Flannery O’Connor presents the characters in her story by allowing the reader to know more about the characters than they do about each other in order to have a deeper understanding of what her short story is really about. In O’Connor’s â€Å"Good Country People,†the reader is aware of the dramatic irony occurring throughout the short story. Mrs. Hopewell, one of the four main characters in â€Å"Good Country People,†believes herself to be superior to everyone around her; In reality she is the same as everyone else around her. â€Å"Her silver gleamed on the two sideboards; she decided he had never been in a room as elegant as this†(421). When Manly Pointer is invited into the living room to try to sell Bibles to Mrs. Hopewell she automatically assumes that her living room is the nicest one he has ever set foot in. Mrs. Hopewell’s haughty outlook towards Manly Pointer allows the reader to acknowledge her thinking of superiority towards others. After reading only the first few paragraphs, the reader already realizes how naà ¯ve Mrs. Hopewell comes across, and they are able to look past future judgments she bestows upon herself. Along with Mrs. Hopewell’s superiority, she also believes that she is in charge of everything. When Mrs. Hopewell hires the Freemans to help her with her home and farm she finds out Mrs. Freeman is the nosiest woman after she consults a reference the Freeman’s provided. â€Å"Since she was the type who had to be into everything, then, Mrs. Hopewell had decided, she would not only let her be into everything, she would see to it that she was into everything – she would give her the responsibility of...
Monday, October 21, 2019
Liberty vs. Security Essay Example
Liberty vs. Security Essay Example Liberty vs. Security Essay Liberty vs. Security Essay Essay Topic: On Liberty Identify the arguments for and against having a national I. D. Card. WSDL such a card make you feel more secure? What personal concerns might you have about such a system? A national identification card would be used to prove our identity to government officials. There are various arguments for and against having this identification card. The arguments in favor are that it would be easier to identify and control immigration. The arguments against a national I. D. Radar are that it would be difficult o ensure that the majority of the population would register for it. Some, such as the homeless, might have trouble proving their identities in order to receive a card because of a lack of Social Security numbers or birth certificates. Also there is no point in having a separate national identity card when the state drivers license system is already in place. This card can be used to track individuals, if the government chooses not to create this database, then it might be too easy for peo ple to commit fraud by having multiple cards with different identities. I know that having an identification card can make us feel more secure but still I dont think it would stop crime. 2- The government routinely reviews email in general for threats to national security. Do you believe that this surveillance should be increased and extended to phone calls, in order to better identify terrorist threats? In my opinion, the idea that global surveillance, whether in the form of cameras or eavesdropping on phone calls, would be better to identify terrorist threats is difficult, if not impossible to prove. An intelligent concentrated attacker determined on causing destruction will still find a way to evade detection in order to cause havoc. You can plant a camera on every street corner, or tap on to suspicious phone calls, supposed to detect suspicious behavior. But, no amount of security will address the underlying issue, the terrorism, which is existential and usually rooted in some sort of political grievance. Surveillance can be a useful law enforcement tool, no doubt. But I think it is not a universal remedy.
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The Importance of Being Earnest#8221; by Oscar Wilde
Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The Importance of Being Earnest#8221; by Oscar Wilde Oscar Wildes farcical comedy The Importance of Being Earnest is subtitled A Trivial Comedy for Serious People. The playwright himself penned this, so the reader is inevitably inclined to ask himself whether this deprecating subtitle is accurate. Despite the simple humor, the play is not trivial, but rather a biting and relevant social commentary on Victorian era values and principles that undoubtedly serious people can decipher within the lines of the comedy without feeling threatened about their own beliefs. In fact, the title of the play alone gives the reader some inclination as to what the story is about; the importance of being serious and resolute, which not coincidentally are two of the most important Victorian ideals. First performed in London in 1895, The Importance of Being Earnests plot centers on two couples who must overcome many hilarious obstacles on their journey to marriage. The play was critically acclaimed from its first performance and was instantly accepted by the public; a foreshadowing of the stories timelessness. Underlying the story line, Wilde illustrates the polite conventions and restrictions of Victorian society (Worth 126). This is aptly by Wilde in his droll depictions of aristocratic British men and women at the end of the nineteenth century. Despite his critical tone, Wilde does not alienate the members of his audience, but rather sheds light on the absurdity of societal traditions, such as courtship, engagement and marriage, while at the same time reaffirming the beliefs of his audience. To explore Wildes criticism of the absurdity of British culture and its implications in modern life, one must first examine the characters and plot of The Importance of Being Earnest. The two central figures are Jack and Algernon who are friends in spite of their seemingly artificial oppositions. Jack is a responsible, serious man who firmly announces his intentions of marrying Gwendolyn from the very beginning of the play. Algernon, on the other hand, is depicted as a sly, deceptive, yet likeable man who according to his aunt, has nothing, but looks everything (Wilde, act 3, 497). The two men, who the audience later discovers are brothers, are actually not as different as they first appear. Outwardly, they act very differently and constantly criticize one another on his actions, but in reality, both have the same ulterior motive and acts solely for his own benefit. Jack pretends to have a brother so that he may travel to London to see Gwendolyn. Similarly, Algernon, despite his claim that marriage is extremely problematic (act 1, 446), pretends to be Jacks brother so that he may journey to the countryside to see Cecily, the girl he has never met but wishes to marry. Both men pretend to be named Ernest in order to impress Gwendolyn and Cecily (obviously another pun on the title of the play). Hilarity ensues in both action and dialogue in terms of what the characters continually call nonsense. Jack and Algernon both pursue women who could be labeled modern women (relative to the contemporary Victorian woman). Gwendolyn is well educated and very opinionated in her beliefs, as evidenced by her desire to not be labeled perfect because that would limit her intentions to develop in many directions (act 1, 441). Likewise, Cecily, while not as well educated, is steadfast in what she wants from Algernon, such as her insistence that his name be Ernest. Gwendolyn and Cecily create much of the comedic elements of the play through their relentless demands of Jack and Algernon. For instance, when in act three the women discover the deceptions of Jack and Algernon, they do not submissively forgive the mens antics, but rather refuse to speak to either man until he delivers an adequate explanation and apology. These young men about town and revolting daughters (15), called so by critic Peter Raby, create a distinct dichotomy to the stern Lady Bracknell and Miss Prism, Cecilys governess. There is a sense of old society versus new society whenever Jack, Algernon, Gwendolyn, and Cecily interact with the older characters. As Gwendolyns mother and Algernons aunt, Lady Bracknell is excessively concerned with image and money. When she hears of Jacks desire to marry Gwendolyn, she questions him about his financial wellbeing and his personal habits. She is offended when she discovers that Jack has been adopted because it displays contempt for the ordinary decencies of family life (act 1, 450). Despite Jacks protest that his parental status has nothing to do with Gwendolyns happiness, Lady Bracknell refuses to give her approval of the engagement because in her superficial world, everyone is forced to live in an age of surfaces (act 3, 495). To Lady Bracknell, marriage has nothing to do with love and affection, but rather solely relies on the respectable social image that is created. Lady Bracknell is the stereotypical Victorian woman whose utmost concern is outward appearances and societal impressions. Money, status, and manners are the only necessities in life, without which one is destined to become associated with the detestable lower classes. In addition to Lady Bracknells archaic beliefs, Miss Prism and Doctor Chasuble also illustrate conventional Victorian ideals. It is evident that the two are in love, but repress their emotions because unruly behavior is not proper. Their relationship is an obvious contrast to Jack and Gwendolyns and Algernon and Cecilys, who admittedly are guilty of nonsense and reckless extravagance (act 1, 436). Surprisingly, in act three, the audience discovers that Miss Prism is the author of a novel of revolting sentimentality (act 3, 502) and more shockingly is an unwed mother. These revelations about Miss Prism blatantly contrast with Victorian acceptability. In spite of her deviations, Doctor Chasuble professes his love for her. This is yet another way in which Wilde portrays modern relationships and love. With his depictions of Bracknell and Miss Prism, Wilde creates an obvious paradigm between what a proper woman should be. Through their characters he is mocking the Victorian standard for woman because the audience can see that Gwendolyn and Cecily are truly the better women in thought and action. These ground-breaking elements contrast and spoof Victorian ideals, yet are subtle and humorous enough that the audience (especially at the time of the plays debut) is not offended by the plot or the characters. In todays world, there is nothing offensive about The Importance of Being Earnest, but it is necessary to keep in mind that compared to contemporary plays and novels, this is somewhat more modern. It still has the classic elements of a story line of that period: male-oriented, god-fearing, white, moneyed, and aristocratic (Raby 7). Although a majority of the characters live entirely for pleasure, the audience can still relate and enjoy the play. In such a hierarchical society where white men dominate, Wilde is careful not to offend or marginalize his target audience while launching a social critique. According to interviews (taken at the time of the plays production), Wilde adamantly insisted that The Importance of Being Earnest is not realistic because Realism is only a background, it cannot form an artistic motive for a play that is to be a work of art (39). In other words, reality has no bearing in his art, which perhaps is why he included the word trivial in his title. However, in relation to the play, is it accurate to say that reality is completely separate from art? Obviously Wilde recognized the absurdity of Victorian culture; otherwise, he could not have created a play whose humor is so relevant to both its contemporary and present-day audiences. The dialogue between characters, not the actions, is what makes The Importance of Being Earnest so humorous and transcendental (77). The characters revelations are true and consequently the farce is extremely comical. The Importance of Being Earnest set many precedents. It is one of the first plays to deal with modern issues, such as the New Woman. Wilde influenced many other artists to explore and critique societal norms and their ridiculousness. The Importance of Being Earnest will withstand the test of time through its satirical comedy and relevance to all audiences, because all audiences and readers, regardless of the time period, can relate to love, marriage, and the absurdity of society.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Answer the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3
Answer the questions - Assignment Example In experiment 1a and 1b, they sought to demonstrate how failing to donate when a hedonic product is referenced affects self-image. Experiments 2a and 2b complemented the previous experiments by establishing the effect of reference products on donation choices. The final experiment (3) sought to test the theory behind donations and reference products by using the same reference product (a blender) as hedonic and utilitarian (29). The researchers established that consumers are inclined to donations whereby there is reference to a hedonic product as opposed to when a utilitarian product is referenced. In addition, when a similar product is used both as a hedonic and utilitarian reference, consumers will donate more on the hedonic reference. The researchers noted that base rates for donation reduced when larger amounts of money are requested regardless of referencing a hedonic product. Such results were not expected. However, they recommended that future research ought to focus on the relation between the reference product and the amount of money requested
Friday, October 18, 2019
Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom by William Craft Essay
Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom by William Craft - Essay Example Craft saw and experienced the pain of being separated from his parents, when his father and mother were sold separately because they were getting old and would soon become useless and a liability. His sister and brother were sold off too, much later. A book like Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom gives a different perspective of slavery. In it, he recounted instances that disproved commonly-held beliefs and wrong notions of black slavery because there were white slaves among them. Another is that Christianity had been distorted that allows religious piety to co-exist with the abominable practices of slavery. Slaves had to use their guile and other subtle, indirect means to outwit their white slave masters and avoid the worst of slavery.2 The reader gets a nuanced and first-person account of what the life of a slave was. In his Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom, Mr. William Craft wrote how he was a slave for twenty-three years of his life before finally taking action and became a free man. He and his future wife Ellen were born in different towns of the state of Georgia, which was one of the principal slave states back then but got to meet and get acquainted with each other in the large town of Macon. Their marriage was delayed for some time being both slaves but Craft admits they had been a bit treated much better than the other slaves but still slaves, treated as chattels with no legal rights. It took them about eight days of hazardous travel to finally reach a land of liberty. They got their freedom when a rare opportunity presented itself sometime in December of 1848. Discussion The engrossing book Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom is an eye opener of sorts. A common perception was slavery was strongly associated with enslavement of black people but in their book, the authors gave an example of how avarice had led to the corrosion of the moral values of people desperate to get money from the slave trade. In their book, authors William and Ellen Craft mentioned an instance where even completely white people were taken advantage of and sold into slavery. They cited the case of a white German immigrant named Daniel Muller and his two daughters who arrived in America through New Orleans sometime in March 1818 but whose wife unfortunately died during the voyage. By a stroke of bad luck, Daniel died of a fever while working in a plantation owned by Mr. John Miller and his two young daughters were suddenly orphaned, left helpless and kidnapped. This true story illustrates the wrong perception that only black people were sold and held in slavery; even completely white people were also held in unlawful bondage by unscrupulous white people. There was no assurance that having a white skin makes a person safe from becoming a slave. Anyone who was unfortunate enough to somehow fall into the trap of slavery will have a very hard time escaping from it no matter what (whether white, black or any color) as the laws were fully stacked against an y slave. Any testimony offered by a slave was inadmissible in court and practically worthless if given against the testimony of a free white person. William Craft was familiar with many other slaves who told him their parents were white and he also cited the case of a boy kidnapped at age seven and then tanned, stained and colored black to be sold as a slave. His own wife, Ellen Craft, was also almost completely white,
African American philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
African American philosophy - Essay Example Philosophy is a detailed system of ideas about human beings and the nature of the human existence and truth.Actually it is a complete guide for living. It deals in issues which are fundamental and consider the steps we take in life for progress. It also deals with our attitude and treatment of other people. The main branches of Philosophy are: Metaphysics, which deals with reality, Epistemology, which deals with knowledge, Ethics, which considers moral values, Politics, which accounts for legal rights and governments, and Aesthetics, which looks in to nature of art.While we start to think of African American Philosophy, the first point going to pop up is the attitude of the citizens in developed countries towards the men in Africa. When compared citizens of United States and Africa, we understand that the Blacks are considered to be second-class citizens in the United States. In fact they are not considered human beings at all. In the past, they were treated as slaves. They were made to work day and night, beaten with sticks and transported along with asses and horses. They were not given proper food. When they were sick, they were not given medical treatment. They lived miserably. They had no hope of future. Things have not changed much, according to Charles Mills. At least a section of the U.S. citizens still see the Africans as somebody who maintains lower standards of life. Even though slavery has been abolished that sort of mindset still continues.Law was enacted to strengthen the concept that Blacks are sub-persons. The pity is that not even an apology was given by the authorities for the misdeeds and torture towards the Blacks for centuries. In fact, many Americans feel that it is time to stop the little benefits given to the Blacks and to cancel the measures which objected to ill treatment of the Afro-Americans. They think that enough is enough and it is time to stop the concessions. They fear that it would amount to create discrimination against Whites . When we approach the problem from the side of African citizens, it is clear that an inferiority complex remains in their brains and minds. They themselves keep the wrong feeling that Blacks are second-class citizens. They have no hope of a happy future. They still live in poverty. The wages are comparatively much lower. Job opportunities also remain lesser. They are not likely to get good education or medical treatment. Just through an example, the consideration being given to Whites and Blacks could be compared. For the same crime the Blacks black may be sent to jail, whereas the Whites may be let free. In every respect the Blacks are treated harsh. In other words, their condition has not improved at all even before law. In fact, it has deteriorated, feels Charles Mills. Time has changed. But not much has changed for the Blacks. Their problems have not been addressed seriously. It has been wrongly said that the Blacks are not taking enough interest in the country, nor in their future and that they do not bother to be a part of the society. It is said that they do not try to come out of the negative situation they are in and for that they only need to be blamed. That is not a valid statement. It is nothing more than an excuse. It is absurd to think that they want to remain where they are. Do not forget, the part they played in nation building. Many numbers of roads, buildings and similar structures are there because of the manpower and work skills of the Blacks. It is silly to think that they are lazy. The Blacks think that they are not given justice. They only want their genuine rights. They are not expecting charity. They want the discrimination is buried for ever. The country belongs to them as much as it is for the Whites. The issues which have put them down should be modified to uplift them. But for the sweat of the blacks, The United States of America would have been nowhere. They have done enough to convert the country into a large nation. They have done much more than the Whites. They must be allowed to reap the harvest now.
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Canadian defence at the onset of the Battle of Hong Kong, 1941 Essay
Canadian defence at the onset of the Battle of Hong Kong, 1941 - Essay Example Having gained much of China the Japanese next targeted HongKong. The war between China and Japan was, therefore, a cause for the attack of HongKong since Japan was stretching its rule further from its boundaries. The HongKonginvasions took the world by storm and the speedy retaliation of the allies to support HongKong was marshalled. The Japanese invasion of Hong Kong finally happened in December 1941 (Tsang, 119). It was of the wars that led to World War II. The Japanese army invaded Hong Kong, which was under the British. The Japanese had not stated clearly, why they would to attack HongKong and had not notified the British. TheBritishwere not prepared for the war since it was a surprise attack. The forces in Hong Kong were the Indians, Canadians and British forces. The main resistance to the Japanese forces was the local troops in Hong Kong, and they were no march for the invaders. The invasion overwhelmed the Indian, British and Canadian forces, who were part of the Commonwealth forces. They were outnumbered, and therefore they would not have defended the island under the British protectorate. The leader of the troops was Sir Robert Brooke. He had under his command few British troops. He thought that the troops on the ground would reduce the time that the Japanese would take to complete take over HongKong. Since HongKong was under the British protectorate there,a decision to change adds reinforcement to the forces at HongKong. Winston Churchill was the premier of Britain at the time of the attack on Hong Kong. He decided to add more troops, which had not been the case since initially they had recommended few troops. He had envisioned an imminent defeat should the Japanese attack the island(Barman, C. & Barman, R., 94). The then British premier, WinstonChurchill, decided to send a contingent of the British Army to ensure that reinforcements would be available should there be an attack. The Chinese had control of
Civilians On The Battlefield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Civilians On The Battlefield - Essay Example The growing dependence on contractors in today's nonlinear battlefield, combined with its explicit inclusion stated in the current military strategy, provides the need to critically examine the subject of contractors on the battlefield. There are many challenges with civilians on the battlefield; however, increased use of civilians has changed the face of combat for the military because Global War on Terror (GWOT) has advocated an increasing number of civilians on the nonlinear battlefield. The growing dependence on contractors in today's nonlinear battlefield, combined with its explicit inclusion stated in the current military strategy, provides the need to critically examine the subject of contractors on the battlefield. To bind this complex area of study, this paper will briefly discuss the background of contractor support to the military and review the current policies and doctrine involving logistical services provided by contractors in combat operations, specifically focused on the United States Army. The use of contractors for operational support is an acceptable risk for the combatant commander as the contractors are generally achieving their mission. Current force structure requires the use of contractors for contingency operations and there are many considerations to ensure the combatant commander is properly supported Civilians have participated in military operations from t... During the Revolutionary War civilians were called "Camp Followers" as they followed the Army from camp to camp. They were most often wives and children of the soldiers and they functioned as cooks, nurses, and mended clothes. Some were even paid for their services. (Van Cortland House Museum) Prior to Operation Desert Shield/Storm policies and procedures that governed civilian personnel during combat operations were ambivalent or nonexistent. Civilian contractors were used extensively during the Vietnam War. "The heavy use of contractors during that War led the Army to determine that a need existed for a preplanned method for utilizing Contractors on the Battlefield" (GlobalSecurity.org, 1). Policies and procedures codified in directives and regulations following Desert Shield/Storm were a vast improvement over previous documents. During this war there were many contracts awarded for logistics support. This resulted in uneven results. The need for a regulated system to award contracts was evident. Current policies and procedures provide clarity and direction. Issues exist with compensation, Emergency-Essential (E-E) position designation, and accountability. Given that the Army is operating in an asymmetric environment, policies and Procedures that govern E-E civilians must change to meet the new environment. II. Civilian contractors are an asset and combat multipliers. Civilian contractors are assets to combat commanders especially when it comes to logistics. LTG Walker (Commander, 8th US Army, Korean War) said it nicely: ""There is no one but yourself to keep your back door open. You can live without food, but you cannot last long without ammunition." Logistics are vital to war fighting. Civilian contracted logistics
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Canadian defence at the onset of the Battle of Hong Kong, 1941 Essay
Canadian defence at the onset of the Battle of Hong Kong, 1941 - Essay Example Having gained much of China the Japanese next targeted HongKong. The war between China and Japan was, therefore, a cause for the attack of HongKong since Japan was stretching its rule further from its boundaries. The HongKonginvasions took the world by storm and the speedy retaliation of the allies to support HongKong was marshalled. The Japanese invasion of Hong Kong finally happened in December 1941 (Tsang, 119). It was of the wars that led to World War II. The Japanese army invaded Hong Kong, which was under the British. The Japanese had not stated clearly, why they would to attack HongKong and had not notified the British. TheBritishwere not prepared for the war since it was a surprise attack. The forces in Hong Kong were the Indians, Canadians and British forces. The main resistance to the Japanese forces was the local troops in Hong Kong, and they were no march for the invaders. The invasion overwhelmed the Indian, British and Canadian forces, who were part of the Commonwealth forces. They were outnumbered, and therefore they would not have defended the island under the British protectorate. The leader of the troops was Sir Robert Brooke. He had under his command few British troops. He thought that the troops on the ground would reduce the time that the Japanese would take to complete take over HongKong. Since HongKong was under the British protectorate there,a decision to change adds reinforcement to the forces at HongKong. Winston Churchill was the premier of Britain at the time of the attack on Hong Kong. He decided to add more troops, which had not been the case since initially they had recommended few troops. He had envisioned an imminent defeat should the Japanese attack the island(Barman, C. & Barman, R., 94). The then British premier, WinstonChurchill, decided to send a contingent of the British Army to ensure that reinforcements would be available should there be an attack. The Chinese had control of
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Liberty in the United States during the late 19th century Essay
Liberty in the United States during the late 19th century - Essay Example Great philosophical liberal thinkers like John Locke fought for the rule of law, and that individuals had a basic right to life and liberty. Patriotism from a contemporary point of view makes citizens of a nation to neglect their self-worthiness, become irrelevant by their own acceptance and be compliant to governments and their country (Emma Goldman 145). The thesis of this paper therefore is that American patriotism has downplayed the American liberty, abandoning principles and beliefs on which the country had been founded in the 19th century. Patriotism; a great menace to liberty. Several theories and arguments have been advanced by various scholars to unravel patriotism, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.it is more like superstition, one not quite far from inhuman acts and brutal.†Leo Tolstoy defines patriotism â€Å"†¦..as principle that tends to justify the making of a whole nation of murderers.†In justifying these statements, Goldman (1917) argues that patriotism is a created artificial force that is maintained through host of lies; it is a system that tends to rob citizens of their dignity while promoting their level of ignorance. This is a complete opposite of what the revolutionary liberty. (Emma Goldman) Law, Denial to liberty. As a formal court proceeding put it in 1927, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Law performs all that is required when it can do all that it can†¦..†(Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200). This was by then the classical argument advanced in the Supreme Court in Virginia at a determination case when a court order was given for the operation concerning salpingectomy. Giving such a ruling, the court emphasized that it was potentially probable that the offspring would have been afflicted and thus a case detrimental to her own health and that of general society, thus sterilization considered as an option. This is a case of law being applied to determine the lives of individuals, perhaps one would ask if liberty holds the same principles for people. Act intended to
Criminal Investigation Essay Example for Free
Criminal Investigation Essay By general definition, an informant is an individual who gives privileged or highly valuable informations regarding a certain person, organization, or group to a certain agency (usually the law enforcement agencies such as the police or the military), without the knowledge of that person, organization, or group that disclosed the information. Based on the definition alone, I think that one of the most common stereotypes that I can hold regarding informants is that they are untrustworthy. Other terms or stereotypes used for informants are rats, snitches, or whistleblowers, which indicate that they will always divulge any valuable piece of information they obtain to the person or organization they are working for. While it is true that informants are very useful in the investigations of police and military operations, there are also times when they prove to be highly dangerous and threatening to a persons life. For example, a person posing as an investigator but is actually an informant may casually ask questions about someone close to me. Little do I know, the informant is working for a criminal organization who is after one of my friends or one of the people I know. Basically, these views towards informants would compel me to be more cautious when dealing with people likes these especially if I notice that they are asking too much information that is seemingly out of place. However, if the informant claims that he or she is assisting a pending police investigation, then I would first verify the authenticity of his or her position before I would disclose any information to him or her. In other words, when dealing with people, especially those whom I have recently met, I would be very careful whom I trust.
Monday, October 14, 2019
Principles of Human Resource Management
Principles of Human Resource Management 1. Introduction I will attempt to explain, research, apply the knowledge to my organisation make recommendations, and provide new knowledge for the following five key learning points: A company/business cannot grow without, until its leaders grow within [3] , The key to retention of the right people is role sculpting, Mentoring is not coaching, The rate at which an organisation learns may become the only sustainable source of competitive advantage [4] , and Diversity is inclusivity. 2. Key Learning Points 2.a) Key Learning Point A company/business cannot grow without, until its leaders grow within [5] Synthesis The premise of John Maxwells statement and this key learning point is that leaders growth precedes company growth and the companys growth is directly related to that of its leaders growth. Leaders growth is also be extended to growth of managers and employees, creation of a learning organization. Research Research on this key learning point indicates the following process to grow the business by growing its leaders: Creating a climate for potential leaders [6] , The environment has to be conducive for change, an environment in which people will excel, an environment which will automatically produce individual growth and therefore company growth, and most importantly of all, a positive environment. Identifying potential leaders [7] , The right person for the job has to be selected that has / will have the ability to influence people to achieve company goals. This is not an easy task. The potential downside is if the wrong person is hired you are committed and reversing the decision is costly is all respects. Nurturing potential leaders [8] , According to John C Maxwell, nurturing is not only about rewarding with money / shares etc. but its also about changing the person life by believing in them, encouraging them, sharing with them and trusting them [9] Equipping potential leaders [10] , The person is given the given the ongoing training they require for their current roles and responsibilities Developing potential leaders [11] , The person is given the given the ongoing development they require for the position with the focus being gearing up for the future. Coaching potential leaders [12] , The employee is equipped, empowered in their current roles and responsibilities Realizing the value to and from potential leaders [13] . Harnessing the growth in the employees to achieve company growth. It is important that the growth is perpetuated throughout the organization, a learning culture. Application Our business is a family owned property development, construction and property investment business. It grew organically to a point where an executive management team was appointed (sourced internally externally) to take the business forward, as the owners felt that they did not have the skills to do so. This management team has had the necessary training. Development is currently being undertaken by WBS MAP and a mentorship program; however, this is in reality a coaching program. The following issues have been identified: Learning / growth is only happening at an executive management level and not below, The owners are battling to let go. This creates uncertainty in the executive management team and is not a positive environment conducive to change, Nurturing has taken place but trust remains an issue, and Coaching has taken place albeit under the guise of mentorship. The following are the recommendations: A learning culture should be created throughout the organization, For learning and change to take place, confidence is needed in the executive management team. This will require the owners to let go and trust in their appointees, Systems, procedures together with levels of authority are required for decision making to alleviate the trust issue, and A properly structured mentorship program is required. New Knowledge We need to develop and surround ourselves with leaders as we are only as good as those that report to us. This will form the basis of a very good team. Doing this will enhance our effectiveness by creating leverage through staff. This will enable us to drive the strategies of the organisation. 2. Key Learning Points (contd) 2.b) Key Learning Point The key to retention of the right people is role sculpting Synthesis Retaining the right people (talent war) for the right position and employee mobility is a worldwide problem as people below the age of 35 years move jobs every 5 years and in South Africa every 2.5 years [14] . Job sculpting is the art of matching people to roles that allows: 1) Their deeply imbedded life interests, 2) Their abilities, and 3) Their values. This is expressed in work satisfaction and commitment, and leads to growth and success. [15] Research Business environments are continually changing and consequently the role of the employee needs to follow suit. Strategically and using the HR Database, a GAP analysis is performed of where we are now versus where we want to be. A decision is then made as to the role of the employee (with employee engagement and employee consent [positive buy-in]). Implementation is then planned and executed. It is a given and of paramount importance that career management and career development have and are still taking place. It is also a given that the right person, at the right time, with the right complimentary talents is required. Once again this comes from the HR Database. It is also a given that Role description and role specification are required. The sculpted role is then monitored through performance management. Application Role sculpting does not exist within the organisation for which I work. Retention of talent is done by paying above market salaries and talent mobility has not been a problem since the world economic crisis started in 2008. GAP analyses are performed resulting in changed employee roles, however employee consultation requires attention. Strategies are effective executed but there is need for a HR Database. There is also a need for career management and career development have and are still taking place. Role description and role specification are done. The new role is monitored through performance management. New Knowledge The retention of the RIGHT people is hugely important due to the skills shortages being experienced in the country. What I have found personally is that skills available out there have become more expensive than the existing skills we have bought over the past 3 to 5 years. What Im raising here is that companies are paying above market salaries for an average skill due to the shortage thereof. Staffing and retention of staff has become challenging and complex, hence the importance of the key to retention of the right people is role sculpting. 2. Key Learning Points (contd) 2.c) Key Learning Point Mentoring is not coaching Synthesis Mentoring IS NOT the same coaching as is often confused by organizations. Mentoring is voluntary process focusing on relationships, guidance and advice. The outcome of mentoring is EMPOWERMENT. A mentor does not teach. Coaching is a compulsory process with the focus on teaching within the employees roles and responsibilities. The outcome of coaching is TRANSFORMATION. A coach teaches. Mentoring and coaching form part of training and development and both build peoples confidence through their successes. Research Per the CIPD (Chartered Institute of Development), London, surveys [16] the use of mentoring and coaching as part of a broader HR personal developmental tool is on the increase, with 72% of companies surveyed using mentoring and 63% using coaching. The use of mentoring and coaching is used as part of a broader HR personal developmental tool. Mentoring refers to a developmental relationship with a more experienced expert and a less experienced (and usually younger) protà ©gà ©. The use of the term coaching on the other hand (as in the art of coaching people) has its origins in English traditional university cramming in the mid 19th Century. [17] Per an article written by Jo Lamb on 24 April 2008, Workplace Coaching and Mentoring, Exploring the Key Differences to Maximise Personal Development [18] , Mentoring and coaching are similar in light of enabling employees (therefore employers) to try and gain full potential by leverage with the employee. However, the fundamental differences are 1) Timing mentoring does not have a time frame and can go on indefinitely (even through career changes) but coaching does have a very specific time frame, 2) Experience and qualifications mentors are experienced in the field they are mentoring in whereas coaches are not necessarily experienced in this field, and 3) Focus in mentoring is not as specific as that of coaching. The success of the coaching and mentoring programs were questioned as they were more often than not left to managers who did not always have the time and sometimes ability to see the process through to fruition. I dont necessarily agree with the fundamental timing difference 1) above as mentors within an organisation are bound by time. You could however have an outside mentor who could mentor you across many employments. I also dont agree with experience and qualification in 2) above. My opinion is that this is the reverse; coaches have specific knowledge whereas mentors may have specific knowledge but the mentoring takes place on a generalist level and specific job knowledge is not required. Application Mentoring takes place within the organization for which I work, but I feel that the mentors were not properly trained. This was key to the process not working as intended. There was only one mentor for each mentee and confidentiality was an issue. Coaching does take place, but it is ad hoc and informal. There is a need for coaching to be formalized. New Knowledge There is an ongoing argument that mentoring and coaching can be viewed as the same within training and development. I do however feel that the mentoring is empowering and coaching is transforming. The biggest downfall of mentoring and coaching programs is the whether they take place correctly, or if at all (monitoring and feedback sessions would be required, and whether the coaches and mentors are properly qualified to mentor and coach respectively. 2. Key Learning Points (contd) 2.d) Key Learning Point The rate at which an organisation learns may become the only sustainable source of competitive advantage [19] Synthesis (15) Research (30) Application (30) New Knowledge (20) 2. Key Learning Points (contd) 2.e) Key Learning Point Diversity is inclusivity Synthesis (15) Research (30) Application (30) New Knowledge (20)
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Philosophy :: essays research papers
Interpreting Plato Alfred North Whitehead once remarked that all of philosophy is but a footnote to Plato. This proves true in the case of St. Augustine’s Confessions, where he specifies Plato’s good as God by personalizing the forms, Eros, sin, and recollection. Specifically, Augustine’s idea of â€Å"original sin,†forgetfulness and recollection follow the philosophy of Plato, bringing them into the â€Å"God realm,†rather leaving them in a figurative sense open for interpretation. In the Confessions, Augustine says that â€Å"the soul commits fornication when it is turned away from you and, apart from you, seeks such pure, clean things as it does not find except when it returns to you†(2.6.14). Here Augustine provides an overview of his idea of God: it is initially with God, because it must turn away, or forget, in order to leave God, but is left unsatisfied until it returns, or remembers. This is a direct use of Plato’s theory that the soul of man originally dwells with the forms in the realm of the â€Å"good,†then the soul forgets on earth what the â€Å"good†is, but spends life trying to remember. For both Plato and Augustine, the journey begins at birth. When a person is born, they possess both an original sin and an original innocence. Being born into the world, people are certainly corrupted by society and prone to sin, because in the eyes of Plato and Augustine, the body itself is corrupt and leads to sin. At the same time, though, man is born with â€Å"good†inside of them. The soul of humankind comes from God or from the â€Å"good,†and it has a recollection of the good of which it once knew. Augustine said of infancy that, â€Å"the sin that is in him you have not made†¦For in your sight, no man is clean of sin, not even the infant who has lived but a day upon earth†(1.7.11). So what is it about living a day on the earth that makes an infant sin, and what is it in a person that makes them turn away from sin? According to Plato, the body leads to sin. As with Plato, while a person becomes a sinner when they enter into the body, they have with in them an inherent, incorruptible good, the soul; only it forgets from what it came, thus turning away from the good. In the speech of Diotima, she says that love is giving birth to new ideas, bringing beauty in the presence of mortality. Philosophy :: essays research papers Interpreting Plato Alfred North Whitehead once remarked that all of philosophy is but a footnote to Plato. This proves true in the case of St. Augustine’s Confessions, where he specifies Plato’s good as God by personalizing the forms, Eros, sin, and recollection. Specifically, Augustine’s idea of â€Å"original sin,†forgetfulness and recollection follow the philosophy of Plato, bringing them into the â€Å"God realm,†rather leaving them in a figurative sense open for interpretation. In the Confessions, Augustine says that â€Å"the soul commits fornication when it is turned away from you and, apart from you, seeks such pure, clean things as it does not find except when it returns to you†(2.6.14). Here Augustine provides an overview of his idea of God: it is initially with God, because it must turn away, or forget, in order to leave God, but is left unsatisfied until it returns, or remembers. This is a direct use of Plato’s theory that the soul of man originally dwells with the forms in the realm of the â€Å"good,†then the soul forgets on earth what the â€Å"good†is, but spends life trying to remember. For both Plato and Augustine, the journey begins at birth. When a person is born, they possess both an original sin and an original innocence. Being born into the world, people are certainly corrupted by society and prone to sin, because in the eyes of Plato and Augustine, the body itself is corrupt and leads to sin. At the same time, though, man is born with â€Å"good†inside of them. The soul of humankind comes from God or from the â€Å"good,†and it has a recollection of the good of which it once knew. Augustine said of infancy that, â€Å"the sin that is in him you have not made†¦For in your sight, no man is clean of sin, not even the infant who has lived but a day upon earth†(1.7.11). So what is it about living a day on the earth that makes an infant sin, and what is it in a person that makes them turn away from sin? According to Plato, the body leads to sin. As with Plato, while a person becomes a sinner when they enter into the body, they have with in them an inherent, incorruptible good, the soul; only it forgets from what it came, thus turning away from the good. In the speech of Diotima, she says that love is giving birth to new ideas, bringing beauty in the presence of mortality.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
The 1820 Missouri Compromise Essay -- essays research papers fc
The 1820 Missouri Compromise Slavery and the Civil War Research Task- Describe the role of the 1820 Missouri Compromise in the campaign against slavery! The 1820 Missouri Compromise played a large role in the campaign against slavery. In 1819 Missouri became a statehood and congress considered framing a state constitution, with this a representative attempted to add a anti-slavery legislation with it. This is what started the process of the campaign against slavery. Henry Clay made a large contribution toward this compromise in 1820, with his new ideas on how to settle the conflict between the North and the South, which lasted until 1954.All the compromise’s made from 1820's to the Kansas Nebraska compromise in 1854, were all factors which led to the civil war. The state constitution in 1819, was what began of this compromise when James Tallmadge, a representative from New York attempted to add a anti- slavery amendment to the legislation. This gave a ugly and conflicted debate over slavery and the governments rights to restrict slavery. This Tallmadge amendment restricted all further introduction of slaves into Missouri and provided setting free once they reached the age of 25.This legislation was not passed, as the House of Representatives which was controlled by the North passed the idea, but it failed in the Senate which was equally divided between the North and the South. Although the legislation didn’t pass it led to Henry Clay taking it on when Maine became a free state. When Maine became a free state, the plan was largely that of Henry Clay who became known as the ‘Great Compromiser.’ Before there was a Compromise, there was a lot of controversy as there was always a equal amount of free states and slaves states since 1789, if Maine was to become a free state (which was highly unavoidable as slaves started to migrate into Missouri and the West of Mississippi), there became a unbalance. This issue was resolved through a two-part compromise, the northern part of Massachuset became known as Maine and was made a free state, at the same time Missouri was a slave state which would once again maintain a balance of 12 slave and 12 free states. In addition to this, a line was drawn at 36 degrees 30 minutes North latitude, and any sections of Louisiana territory lying North of the compromise would be free. This act also pr... ...ving twice been a resident on Free soil. The lower court and the Missouri Supreme Court ruled against him; and the case went to the US Supreme Court. The Chief Justice Rodger Taney declared that the Missouri Compromise, was unconstitutional and the congress didn’t have the power. The issue of slavery, once again, made war sound as if it couldn’t be avoided. The 1820 Missouri Compromise was known as highly dangerous and conflicting as it was trying to keep an equal balance of Free and slave-holding states between the North and the South, although the compromise did play a vital role in withholding the peace between the North and the South until the new compromise in 1854 came about. The Missouri compromise was said that it with held the Civil War for over three decades and it played a vital role in the start of the abolition of slavery in America. Bibliography- Word Count- 1112 Internet Sites Used- http://www.rosecity.net/civilwar/capesites/warmap.html - Sat 12 February, Time 12:42-1:09pm http://colfa.utsa.edu:16080/users/jreynolds/Textbooks/Abolition/Abolitionists%20Mussey.htm Sat 12 February, Time 12:12-12:56pm. Books Used
Friday, October 11, 2019
Evaluation of Internship
1. Describe two difficult incidents or challenging situations that you experienced during your internship. The difficult challenging situations that I have experienced during the internship were at the Veranda restaurant and the Learning and development office. Firstly, I have difficulty to adapt myself from an undergraduate into the professional commis at the world top five star hotel’s, to be worked the Veranda restaurant.I need to learn and memorise the restaurant’s menus, name of the cutlery that I havn’t been using before, to get to know all the employeesand trainees, learn new manners and how should we deal with each of our guest and approach to our guest and also living in the Bangkok city which have one of the most difficult transportation.Secondly,the difficulty in the Learning and development (L&D) office is that the during the time that I’ve work is the low season in Bangkok which it is a good opportunity for the hotel and the L&D department to train and set big events for the staff such as the Walk Rally and L&D workshop in order to strengthen the relationship between co-workers and develop professional skills. L&D department have to contact many other departments within the hotel in order to get in touch with each employees.During the April, the Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group has choosed Mandarin Oriental Bangkok to run the L&D workshop conference which more than 20 of the L&D managers of Mandarin Oriental Hotel around the globe will come to the hotel to have conference for a week and during those time our department’s job were to set the delight events to welcome the managers and run the workshop. 2. Explain how you dealt with these situations and the impact your actions had on the other parties (customers, line managers, colleagues†¦) After a period of 2 first weeks, I have settled myself in an adaptation environment very well.The assistance from co-worker have aid me to go through the challenge without a do ubt. I get to know every staffs willingly, we play soccer every weekend. The chiefs have given me a lot of great guidance in term of servicing each guest. The manager has taught and inspire us to work. Overall the professional environment in the restaurant has automatically turned me into one of the professional. Every problem has been solved by the guidance and the training by the management team and the managers.Due to the small number of employees in L&D department, I get to know and close to each staff member very easily. Our team have a great team work, my trainer trained and taught me very well which allow me to get the job done very fast and efficient. The L&D team including me and other department within the hotel have put in large amount of effort to plan, set and run this big event. We have worked overtime to get the plan done before the workshop started. It is very fun to work and to get such sastisfaction from the L&D managers is one of the best thing I would’ve e ver imagine. 3.Identify alternative actions that you could have undertaken which would have possibly improved the outcomes in these situations. I could have copy the menu and study it after work to memoris the dishes. There is 2 menus in the restaurant which included the breakfast menu and the dinner menu, wine and beverage menu should have also done the same. This will allow me to learn the menu more quickly as in the working time I can not manage to learn the menu. I should have stay close more with the managers to get their advice, understand their point of view and gain more lesson from the expert’s experience.After the week of conference event, the L&D workshop conference was announced as one of the best workshop that have ever before by all the L&D managers. The event sastisfied every manager by delight welcoming events, lots of surprise and the assistance of the event from every department. There is nothing could have done better. Part 2 : IMPROVING PERSONAL OR INTERPE RSONAL SKILLS OVER A PERIOD OF TIME ( about 500 words) 1. Identify four (4) of your strengths and two (2) of your weaknesses that you experienced during your internship.Describe them in a working context. The strength that I have gained during this internship are the teamwork between co-worker, the Mandarin Oriental Bangkok team have taught everyone work collaborately to each other allowing their united effort to turn the hotel to be one of the leader in the world. Professional workmanship, the hotel have host many big world class events and service has been excellence for over centuries, being in the professional environment have gain me this strength.Company knowledge, the company have set many hospitality training for the staff, as a L&D trainee I have to attend to every meeting. The weakness that I experienced are the lack of effort, I have put most of effort at the first start of the internship and during the end, sometime I have not put enough amount of great effort into work but at the end I have improve myself brought out large amount of effort. Other weakness is that I should have take the internship longer as I only do it for 5 months.I have not learn enough and there is a lot of things that I have missed. 2. List specific actions / alternatives that may help you to improve these weaknesses. a. Set a statement, I should set a statement and point out my objective of what i should gain from this internship to allow me to learn everything I should or wanted to. b. Maximise internship period, This first internship I have taken only 5 months and have not learn enough but the the next one I will take longer than 5. 3.Determine a plan (actions and deadlines) that will keep you committed to this period of self-coaching. To set a statement won’t take long time for the action. I will only need to know which position/department I’m going to working in and set the objective of what I need to learn from the position/department. 4. How would you be a ble to fairly and accurately evaluate your improvements ? I would be fairly and accurately evaluate my improvements by the feedback of the co-workers. According to the exit interview with the Assistance L&D Manager.He has asked an tell me about my strengths and the weaknesses, what I have gained and what I have not gain, he has also asked what do I want to learn more from this internship. The Assistance L&D Manager have also evaluate my improment as at first of the start working I do not know the staff very well which cause me and the team communicate not very well but at the end after I have feedback from the L&D manager of how to work with the team, I have improve myself dramatically and efficiently.The Assistance L&D Manager and the team have been work with everyday during the intership period. The comments and the feedbacks from the co-worker are one of the most reliability evaluate of my improvement. APPENDICES 1. Copy of work certificate if applicable 2. Copy of a monthly sala ry statement. 3. One brochure of the establishment with valid room rates Your project must contain the following 3 parts: 1. A copy of your written report 2. A copy of your evaluation 3. Your appendices, brochure, pay slip and work certificate if applicableThe evaluation must be handed in at the same time as your report, no exceptions will be made. DEADLINE: Monday of week 2: Each class will be allocated a time slot, to hand in their report to the Academic Office. N. B. If you fail to submit your report and any of the other requested documents within the given deadline, you will be given a FAIL Students who are repeating their semester still need to submit their reports by the given deadline above, Monday of week 2 The report remains the property of GIHE. We suggest you prepare a second copy for your records.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Help Improve Own and Team Practices in Schools
3. 4 It is essential that we respect the skills and expertise of other practitioners we work alongside. To work as a team we need to listen to others and take on board what they are saying. As someone new to the role we can learn a lot from our more experienced colleagues. To have a good relationship with other colleagues we need to show them that we respect their views, knowledge and opinions. In my short time at Holy Spirit I already feel that I have learnt a great amount from the other staff, particularly the support staff.This knowledge is vital and invaluable and will stay with me throughout my career. When working as team it is important that we communicate effectively with others. If we do not respect the skills and expertise of others it will cause resentment which can lead to problems with communication within the team. If we value the skills and expertise of others we may find that we are then invited to give advice and suggestions ourselves.By pooling our skills and knowle dge we are more likely to be successful in achieving the aims of the team. We can add to our own skills and expertise if we take time out to watch others practitioners. Changes occur regularly so there is always the opportunity to find out from others about new initiatives and ideas. In time others may come to us for advice and help because of the skills and expertise we have gained from others guidance.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Porter's competitive advantage of nations, cluster and the new Term Paper
Porter's competitive advantage of nations, cluster and the new economics of competition - Term Paper Example Despite this, the country has a lot of unskilled employees and with good strategic planning, it is possible to train some of the locals in non-demanding professional skills and import only the labor that is impossible to reproduce locally. There is a high supply of raw materials in South Africa owing to the extensive scope of the mining and manufacturing industry. Steel and plastic which and other materials which are required for production of toys can be locally procured thus cutting on the costs that could have been incurred if the material were to be imported. Demand conditions The demands conditions in South Africa are conducive for a toy market since the population of young middle class is growing as the economy grows many of these especially the educated ones will likely increase demand for toys products. In addition, the toy market has of late diversified to encompass the production of technology based games which are popular among children and younger adults. As a result, the local demand is likely to push firms in manufacturing the country to produce more products customized for them. Normally, a demanding local market is good for local industries since when the demand is high, innovation improves since the firms have to come up with ways to deal with the demand. As such, a firm investing in South Africa is more likely to be highly innovative since the locals will pressure it to make quality and diverse products so they will not have to buy imported goods. Related and Supporting Industries In South Africa the toy and gaming market is dominated by a few large companies which maintain their market position by continuously broadening their portfolios and acquiring international licenses. Prima Leisure, Just Fun Group and Kids II lead the industry which offers a wide range of products in the local market (Toy and Game Companies 2012). Contrary to popular assumption the existence of these industries can be seen as incentive for new entrants because they actively participate in market upgrades and stimulate growth. In addition the state actively tries to encourage investment South Africa as to create jobs for the local, this is done by giving investors subsidies and tax cuts. Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry The structure and the management of different firms in various countries are different and this can impact the competitiveness of the firms operating within. South African companies can generally be categorized as a blend of hierarchical systems and organic, this is more so in the toy and games industry and as a result the competiveness is moderated. The home market in as far as toy manufacture is concerned is very competitive, nevertheless, this will work to the advantage of new entrants. The domestic competition also encourages firms to diversify their products, this way a new firm venturing in South Africa will find that there exists a ready market for their products both locally and abroad. While the porter 5 forces ma ke low rivalry seem attractive, the contrary is true in the diamond model; this is because when low rivalry may be good for the firm in the short run, in the long run it will even be more beneficial. In South Africa for instance, the toy manufacturing market is dominated by a few major companies which will undoubtedly provide formidable opposition. On the other hand, this way the new firms will be motivated
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
Schools Discourage Creativity in Children and Teachers Essay
Schools Discourage Creativity in Children and Teachers - Essay Example A few unsavory truths about today's educational system would put our educationists in a tight spot. Educationists and researchers have long felt that this was an educational system deliberately designed to produce mediocre students, to restrict creativity and introspection, to deny leadership skills to students, and to ensure submissive and incomplete citizens. This was done in order to raise a generation that would be easily manageable. A generation of people who would be as trusting and unquestioning as children, a generation that would consist of grown-ups who are not ready to think out of the box, but let go of their originality and instead follow herd mentality in whatever they undertook. That education need not be linked to the number of years of formal schooling has proved true time and again. The twelve year schooling process might not necessarily be a complete learning process. History is witness to numerous successful people who rose and shone to great heights; either completely without a formal education or without having successfully completed their schooling process. Throughout most of American history, kids generally didn't go to high school, yet the unschooled rose to be admirals, like Farragut; inventors, like Edison; captains of industry, like Carnegie and Rockefeller; writers, like Melville and Twain and Conrad; and even scholars, like Margaret Mead George. Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln too are testimony to this fact. In recent times, Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft Corporation is a classic example of a child who did not want to conform to the norms of mediocrity and monotony taught in schools. Under the garb of competition, today's education system has been successful in bringing out the primal instincts of fear, jealousy, immaturity, and greed among children and grown-ups alike; instead of leading humanity towards noble ideas and ideologies of excellence within the self and tolerance and appreciation of another's brilliance. Comparison and contrasting have become a daily exercise for both children and grown-ups alike. Manufacturers and entrepreneurs are having a field day as the present generation is into consumerism like never before. Large corporations and policymakers are the sole deciding agents for today's consumer.Â
Monday, October 7, 2019
Issues in Contemporary Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words
Issues in Contemporary Auditing - Essay Example The aspect of financial transaction record would be quite vital to be thoroughly examined in the process. It has been revealed that Hammerson plc upholds proper financial statement by following the guidelines of Companies Act 1985 which depicts true and fair values that facilitate the company to maintain accurate financial records. Additionally, an audit report of the company is also conducted by following the guidelines of the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) which is authorized by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). Moreover, while preparing an audit report, Hammerson also utilizes various financial transaction tests that facilitate it to identify the valuation of assets and liabilities which are essential to be considered. The Audit Committee should also note that Hammerson takes the responsibility for protecting the assets of the company along with safeguarding them from the hand of fraud, error, and non-compliance by adhering to the laws and regulations which are mentioned in Companies Act 1985 under Section 389(A). The company also provides other financial services under the Financial Services Act 1986. Compensation which will be due for the provided service to Hammerson can be calculated on the basis of the times which are spent by your partners and also on the basis of skills and responsibilities that are involved amid your staff. The scope of the audit will be to make a comprehensive evaluation of the books of account in order to ascertain the validity and reliability of the published materials of the company. Our company shall be highly obliged if you can confirm your agreement or engagement by singing and returning the enclosed copy of this letter. Thanks & Regards Yours faithfully Manager Loughran and Shrives Chartered Accountants B. Ethical Issues Leaflet Interdependence is one of the fundamental as well as considerable aspects while preparing an audit report. In order to maintain suitable ethical standards in an audit report, it is essential for the auditors to be independent in terms of mental attitude while dealing with their respective clients. The users of the financial statement are primarily concerned about the aspect that the auditors should not compromise with their interdependencies by considering the viewpoints of the clients during the preparation of an audit report. Truthfulness, honesty, integrity, confidentiality and professional behavior are the most essential aspects for the auditors in order to maintain ethical standards and also bring transparency while preparing an audit report. It is also necessary for the audit firms to maintain similar kinds of rules and regulations while preparing an audit report for their respective stakeholders.Â
Sunday, October 6, 2019
Quantitive analyse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Quantitive analyse - Essay Example There appears very strong linear relationship between income and age, as the data points lie (cluster) around a straight line. There appears very week (or no) linear relationship between income and degree. However, the scattergraph is inconclusive, as there are two values for degree Arts (0) and Science (1), only. In a bivariate regression, R2 is a measure of the correlation coefficient r. Correlation coefficient value near 0 indicates there is little (or no) association between the two variables and a value near 1 indicates a strong association between the two variables (Lind, Marchal and Wathen, 2009). Using correlation coefficient, R2 can be calculated as below The regression slope coefficient of 0.771 suggests that every year increase in fulltime-employed adult’s age increases income by about  £771, on average. The regression intercept coefficient of 4.860 is not meaningful in the context of this problem because there will be no employee with 0 years age. The value of coefficient of determination, R2 is 0.9797. This suggests that fulltime-employed adult’s age explains about 97.97% variation in income. Only 2.03% variations in income remains unexplained. The regression slope coefficient of -2.35 and intercept coefficient of 37.71 suggests that Science degree decreases fulltime-employed adult’s income by about  £2,350 as compared to Arts degree. Arts fulltime employed adult’s income is  £37,710, on average. The value of coefficient of determination, R2 is 0.0183. This suggests that fulltime-employed adult’s degree only explains about 1.83% variation in income and 98.17% variations in income remains
Saturday, October 5, 2019
Tuberculosis in the Borough of Newham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Tuberculosis in the Borough of Newham - Essay Example This research paper â€Å"Tuberculosis in the Borough of Newham†investigates a disease, infectious in nature, that has affected almost one third of the world population and spread of this killer disease is growing steadily at a pace of 1% of the total population each year. It was widely believed that Tuberculosis has affected the developing countries only because of the poor immune system, they have undergone, but that turned out to be false. Tuberculosis has become a major threat in the United Kingdom over the past decade, and, although most developed countries have achieved substantial methods to reduce the spread of this disease, rates in the UK continue to rise. It is mainly is concentrated in the eastern region of London, in the east and northern parts of Newham - London. This study is intended to discover the reason for which Tuberculosis in UK is a primary issue and the impacts and remedies of this disease. Over the past 20 years, the incidence rate of tuberculosis has doubled in London, though it has remained fairly constant elsewhere in England and Wales. In 2007, 39% of patients with tuberculosis in England and Wales lived in London. The number of TB cases increased severely after 2005, and then it became stable and again continued to rise. It is also seen that the highest number of affected were from the east and North West London, primarily the Newham and Brent location. Newham has always been the places with the most diverse ethnic minority population in the whole UK.
Friday, October 4, 2019
Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Essay Example for Free
Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Essay The most severe of all sentences: that of death. Also known as the death penalty, capital punishment is the most severe form of corporal punishment. It has been banned in many countries, in the United States, an earlier move to eliminate capital punishment has now been reversed and more and more states are resorting to capital punishment for serious offenses such as murder. An Eye for and eye, a life for a life, who has never heard of the famous Lex Talionis? The Bible mentions it, and people have been using it regularly for centuries. We use it in reference to burglary, adultery, love and many other situations. However, some people use it on a different level, some people use it in reference to death. One steals from those who have stolen from him, one wrongs those who have wronged him, but do we really have the right to kill those who have killed. Today, there is a big controversy over capital punishment whether or not it works, or if it is morally right. We have a certain privilege on our own lives, but do the lives of others belong to us as well? Do we have the right to decide the kind of lives others can or cannot live? We find someone guilty of murder and sentence him to death, does that not make murderers out of ourselves? Can justice justify our acts? Those who assist in the death penalty are they not partners in crime? Is the death penalty a Cruel and Unusual punishment or is it now a necessary tool in the war on crime? With the increase in crime and violence in our society, how does the death penalty affect a North American family. Use of the death penalty has declined throughout the industrial Western World since the 19th century. In 1972, movement in America to have the death penalty declared unconstitutional during the landmark case of Furman v. Georgia, which declared the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment. However, after a supreme court decision in 1975, Gregg v. Georgia, which stated capital punishment did not violate the eighth Amendment, executions commenced again under state supervision. (Van der Haag, 1975, 3-4). There are seven main types of execution: Hanging, where the prisoner is blindfolded and stands on a trap door, with a rope around his neck. The trap door is opened suddenly. The weight of the prisoner’s body below the neck causes traction separating the spinal cord from the brain. The second most widely used technique is shooting, where a firing quad shoots the prisoner from some meters away. Another method is Guillotine, a device consisting of a heavy blade held aloft between upright guides and dropped to behead the victim below. Then there was garroting, in which a tightened iron collar is used to strangle or break the neck of a condemned person. One of the more recent is Electrocution where the prisoner is fastened to a chair by his chest, groin, arms and legs. Electrodes are placed around a band around the head, then jolts of 4-8 amperes at voltage between 500 and 2000 volts are applied at half a minute at a time. The newest forms of execution are Lethal Injection where a lethal poison is injected into the prisoners arm or the Gas Chamber where the prisoner is placed in a room with Sodium Cyanide crystals and left to die. (Meltser, 1973, 21-26) There are four major issues in the capital punishment debate, the first being deterrence. A major purpose of criminal punishment is to deter future criminal conduct. The deterrence theory suggests that a rational person will avoid criminal behavior if the severity of the punishment outweigh the benefits of the illegal conduct. It is believed that fear of death deters people from committing crimes. Most criminals would think twice before committing murder if they knew their own lives was at stake. That if attached to certain crimes, the penalty of death exerts a positive moral influence by placing a stigma on certain crimes like manslaughter, resulting in attitudes of disgust and horror to such acts. (McCuen, 1985, 11) Studies of the deterrent effect of the death penalty have been conducted for several years, with varying results. Most of these studies have failed to produce evidence that the death penalty deterred murders more effectively then the threat of imprisonment. The reason for this is that few people are executed and so the death penalty is not a satisfactory deterrent. If capital punishment were carried out more it would prove to be the crime deterrent it was partly intended to be. During highly publicized death penalty cases the homicide rate is found to go down but it goes back up when the case is over. (Bailey, 1994, 42) When comparisons are made between states with the death penalty and states without, the majority of death penalty states show murder rates higher than non-death penalty states. The average murder rate per 100,000 population in 1996 among death penalty states was 7.1, the average murder rate among non-death penalty states was only 3.6. A look at neighboring death penalty and non-death penalty states show similar trends. Death penalty states usually have a higher murder rate than their neighboring non- death penalty states. (Death Penalty Information Center) The second issue in the capital punishment debate is retribution. The need for society to express sufficient condemnation for heinous murders. Supporters of the death penalty contend that the only proper response to the most vile murders is the most sever punishment possible. Therefore, society should literally interpret the â€Å"eye for an eye†principle when an individual takes a life, society’s moral balance will remain upset until the killer’s life is also taken. (Block, 1983, 112) Although death penalty opponents disagree society should be able to express its outrage with a vile crime by inflicting capital punishment. They suggest that they are showing outrage for taking a life by talking the life of another. (Bedau, 1982, 88) Use of the death penalty as intended by law could actually reduce the number of violent murders by eliminating some of the repeat offenders thus being used as a system of justice, not just a method of deterrence. Modern supporters of capital punishment no longer view the death penalty as a deterrent, but just as a punishment for the crime, one source said, in recent years the appeal of deterrence has been supplanted by a frank desire for what large majorities see as just vengeance.†(Bailey, 1994, 55) The third major issue is arbitrariness determined by or arising from whim or impulse rather than judgment or reason. â€Å"From the days of slavery in which black people were considered property, through the years of lynching and Jim Crow laws, capital punishment has always been deeply affected by race. Unfortunately, the days of racial bias in the death penalty are not a remnant of the past.†(NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund) Fairness requires that people who break the same law under similar circumstances should meet with the same punishment, however the justice system is not consistent. Statistics show that a black man who kills a white person is 11 times more likely to receive the death penalty than a white man who kills a black person. And blacks who kill blacks have even less to worry about. Its almost like we kind of say, Oh, well, he needed killing anyhow.†(NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund) The fourth debate is the danger of mistake. In the past, there were many people wrongfully executed for crimes that they did not commit all in the name of justice. It has happened that after the execution of the alleged guilty party, the real murderer confessed to elevate his guilty conscience. â€Å"No matter how careful courts are, the possibility of perjured testimony, mistaken honest testimony, and human error remain all too real. We have no way of judging how many innocent persons have been executed, but we can be certain there were some.†J. Marshall (Bailey, 1994, 38) The unique thing about the death penalty is that it is final and irreversible. Since 1970, 77 people have been released from death row with evidence of their innocence. Researchers Radelet Bedau found 23 cases since 1900 where innocent people were executed, and the numbers are growing. With stories of people like Rolando Cruz, released after 10 years on Illinoiss death row, despite the fact that another man had confessed to the crime shortly after his conviction; and Ricardo Aldape Guerra, who returned to Mexico after 15 years on Texass death row because of a prosecution that a federal judge called outrageous and designed to simply achieve another notch on the prosecutors guns. (Death Penalty Information Center) There are safeguards guaranteeing protection of those facing the death penalty. These safeguards are : The defendant can not be insane, and the man’s real or criminal intent must be present. Also, minors very rarely receive the death penalty because they are not fully mature and might not know the consequences of their actions. Finally the mentally retarded are very seldom executed. The reason for not executing the retarded is that they often have difficulty defending themselves in court, have problems remembering details, locating witnesses, and testifying credibly on their own behalf. These safeguards are to try to insure that justice will be served without having it suffer. (Bailey, 1994, 147) It costs up to three times the amount to keep a prisoner on death row than it would be to keep them in prison for the rest of their lives. The expense comes from the long drawn out appeals process that we are giving our criminals, and the court appointed attorneys that the poor are receiving. (Death Penalty Information Center) The death penalty costs the state of North Carolina 2.6 million per execution while it costs the whole nation [United States] 700 million since 1976. And it’s the same everywhere, Florida spent an estimated $57 million on the death penalty from 1973 to 1988 to achieve 18 executions that is an average of $3.2 million per execution. (Miami Herald, July 10, 1988). In Texas, a death penalty case costs an average of $2.3 million, about three times the cost of imprisoning someone in a single cell at the highest security level for 40 years. However it is also a form of insurance that the criminal will never commit another crime again. (Death Penalty Information Center) In the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) the death penalty was required for a wide range of offenses, both civil and religious. In the following passages from the King James Version of the Bible, Jehovah required the state to execute a person for murder: Genesis 9:6 states: Whoso sheddeth mans blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man. If sufficient proof were provided that a person had committed a crime, the state imposed the death penalty on the guilty person(s). They were either stoned to death, impaled or burned alive. Witnesses who testified at the trial would often participate in the killing. To their credit, the courts of ancient Israel required very high levels of proof of criminality before they would order the death penalty (Horwitz, 1973, 36) Of course, a person may think it is immoral to kill someone no matter what they have done. When I say it is retributive justice to take the life in turn for the taking of another life, it could be argued that a criminal is not able to learn a lesson since he dies as an immediate result of the punishment. How can this be called punishment if no lesson is taught? In my opinion, the only way for justice to be served is to have the criminal pay with their life, â€Å" an eye for an eye.†Many people believe that capital punishment does not belong in a civilized society. I believe it is needed because we do not live in a civilized society, if we did there would be no crime. We live in a day and age where killing happens everyday, and many get away with it. Those who do get caught, don’t stay in a jail cell for the rest of their live. If we could rig our streets of murderers, it could mean a safer place for everyone. Men and women could feel safer jogging or doing errands at night. Single women could feel safer in their homes. Children could feel safe playing in their yards. No executed murderer has ever killed again. References The Death Penalty in America 256-63 (H. Bedau ed., 3d ed. 1982) E. Van den Haag, Punishment as a Device for Controlling the Crime Rate, 33 Rutgers L, Rev. 706, 719 (1981) H. Gross, A Theory of Criminal Justice 489 (1979) Ehrlich Gibbons, On the Measurement of the Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment and the Theory of Deterrence, 6 J. Legal Stud. 35 (1977). Bedau Radelet, Miscarriages of Justice in Potentially Capital Cases (1st draft, Oct. 1985) E. Van der Haag, Punishing Criminals 196-206 (1975). C.F. Phllips, The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: New Evidence on an Old Controversy, 86 Am. J. Soc. 139 (1980). Baumgart, R. A. McCuen, Gary E. Reviving the Death Penalty. Madison, WI: Gary McCuen, 1985: 22. Electrocution. Academic American Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Grolier, 1993: 113. Clark, Lesley. Florida execution of 350-pound inmate turns bloody. Miami Herald. 10 July 1988.
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